More than forty years after it first flared up, one of the most famous feuds in Canadian Literature lives on. With a single harsh review, published in the Montreal Gazette in 1965, Mordecai Richler drew the ire of writer Gradey Alexander, and the two authors spent the next several decades trading figurative punches in the pages of newspapers, magazines, and even their own books.
After graduating from McGill University in 1958, Gradey Alexander began his career as a political journalist with the Ottawa Citizen. It was during this time that he completed his first novel, Kensington Market, which was published when he was only twenty-three. A semi-autobiographical story about a working-class family in Toronto’s ethnically diverse Kensington neighborhood, many critics compared the book to fellow McGill alum Richler’s novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, which was released the previous year. This was often done in an unfavourable light, as Alexander’s novel was widely thought to be inferior.
Many speculate that it was this, along with Richler’s less-than-enthusiastic review of Alexander’s second-novel, The Willow Reavers, that prompted Alexander’s career-long rivalry with Richler and harsh criticism of his work.
While Mordecai Richler, with the novels Cocksure and Joshua Then and Now, soon earned a reputation as one of Canada’s pre-eminent writers, Alexander languished in obscurity. Though his criticism was widely published, he was never able to achieve the commercial and critical success that came so easily to the affable Richler. Over the decades, Alexander continued to deride much of Richler’s writing, and many academics have accused Alexander of making a personal rivalry professional.
In the late 1970’s, while working as an editor at the Canadian fiction magazine Lies, With Occasional Truth, Alexander published a short story entitled, “Prosciutto of Desire,” which featured a character named Morton Levitz, who closely resembled writer Mordecai Richler.
Years later, after Alexander left the magazine, Richler answered with a short narrative that was essentially a sequel to Alexander’s piece, and featured the same Levitz character. Alexander, in a letter published in the Toronto Star, publicly cut his ties with LWOT, and threatened legal action against both Richler and the renowned magazine for copyright infringement.
The current Managing Editor of LWOT Magazine, Jared Young, says, “They started their careers around the same time, but Richler had far better luck finding an audience for his work. The Richler name has become sort of synonymous with Canadian writing, but today, if you ask someone on the street who Gradey Alexander is, they’ll have no idea.”
It was this inability to gain acceptance within circles of literary elite in Canada is often cited as the reason for Alexander’s resentment. He exacted some measure of revenge in his 1986 novel The Barnum Kid, which featured the return of the Richler-avatar Morton Levitz, who, in the book, is a leftist political thinker praised by fawning critics despite the fact that he is completely illiterate. In one scene, a publisher pays a thousand dollars for a napkin bearing a gibberish sentence he has scribbled. However, Richler would have the last laugh; when his novel Barney’s Version was awarded the Giller Prize, he sent Alexander an autographed copy inscribed with the same gibberish sentence.
In an essay later published in Midwest Review, Alexander said that the inscription was “the most readable part of the book.”
While bitter feelings are common throughout the history of Literature, from Gabriel García Márquez and Vargas Llosa, to Gore Vidal and Norman Mailer, the notoriously courteous Canadian literary scene has rarely seen a spat like the one between Alexander and Richler. When Richler passed away in 2001, many believed that the longstanding feud would be buried along with him, but in recent public appearances, Alexander has not shied away from sharing his feelings about his iconic rival.
During a stop on his ongoing speaking tour, Alexander used Richler as a reference when comparing Canadian and American literature. “It should be a source of great shame that Duddy Kravitz is considered one of the finest Canadian novels, and Richler one of its finest writers. You need look no further than that simple fact to see why Canadian culture, particular in matters of literature and art, occupies such a low place in the larger world.”
Though many accuse Alexander of being a small-time critic trying to make a name for himself by sullying the name of a literary legend, the breadth and depth of his published work speaks to the contrary. With a total of sixteen books, ranging from novels to short fiction to collections of his criticism, Alexander has enjoyed his minor successes north of the border. His hard feelings towards Richler, though, have not softened with age.
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Darren Yeoman is a professor of literature at Eastern British Colombia College.